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What Are Lichens?
What Are Lichens?
Overview of composite organisms formed by fungi and photosynthetic partners
Anatomy of a Lichen Thallus
Anatomy of a Lichen Thallus
Layers, structures, and functional organisation.
Symbiotic Partnerships: Fungi, Algae, and Cyanobacteria
Symbiotic Partnerships: Fungi, Algae, and Cyanobacteria
Roles, interactions, and evolutionary significance.
Lichen Growth Forms
Lichen Growth Forms
Crustose, foliose, fruticose, squamulose, and unique structural adaptations.
Physiology and Photosynthesis
Physiology and Photosynthesis
Energy production, respiration, water relations, and stress tolerance.
Lichen Secondary Chemistry
Lichen Secondary Chemistry
Pigments, metabolites, defensive compounds, and their functions.
Reproduction and Dispersal
Reproduction and Dispersal
Sexual and asexual strategies, spores, soredia, and isidia
Lichen Development and Growth Rates
Lichen Development and Growth Rates
How lichens grow, factors affecting growth, and longevity.
Substrate Relationships
Substrate Relationships
How lichens attach, interact with rocks, bark, and soil, and influence weathering.
Lichen Diversity: Global and Local Patterns
Lichen Diversity: Global and Local Patterns
Why diversity varies among regions and habitats.
Lichen Classification and Taxonomy
Lichen Classification and Taxonomy
Historical development, modern molecular tools, and species concepts.
Lichen Genomics and Future Research
Lichen Genomics and Future Research
Genetic studies, microbiome interactions, and emerging scientific directions.
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